Tuesday, July 22, 2014

Combating Powdery Mildew

The rainy season continues.  In the Month of June we had a little over 15 inches.  So far this July we have had 13 inches (not counting today) and still a week left to go.  Rainy season means the biggest gardening task is combating powdery mildew.

Powdery mildew is a disease caused by the fungi Erysiphales.  It is a real problem when the humidity and heat rise and will significantly reduce the harvest of your garden. 
powdery mildew

The bad news is that I have it on some of my okra in the aquaponic gardens. Because of the fish component in aquaponic gardens, you must be careful that what ever you place on the plants will not harm the fish or the fish's environment.  The good news is that it is fairly easy to combat with non-toxic substances like baking soda. 

use baking soda to treat powdery mildew
Every day for the last week or so I have said I need to treat that powdery mildew, but the rains have beaten me every day. So this morning I got an early start and before it rained, I mixed a solution of  2 teaspoons of baking soda into 1 cup of water.  If you need to make a larger batch, that is a 1:24 ratio of baking soda to water.  Here is a picture of the ingredients and tools (along with the morning's harvest of okra).  I like to harvest before I do any treatment.

Baking soda is alkaline (that means it has a high pH) and anything with a high or low pH will kill mold.  Powdery mildew may have a fancy name, but it is just mold.  Because I want the alkaline mixture to get the mold but not mess with the pH of the fishes' water, I applied it with my basting brush.  If I were doing this in a soil garden, I would make a big batch and just spray it on the leaves.

As you can see, this okra is doing really well.  The leaves are huge!  But they do have powdery mildew.  I
powdery mildew on okra
Okra on DWC raft
have been eating from the okra plants in the aquaponic gardens for about 2 weeks now.  The okra plants in soil have just started to flower.  Most of the gardeners I know in South Florida take the rainy season off. They are all amazed that I am able to grow anything right now, even though it is mostly okra and purple hull peas.

Speaking of purple hull peas, would you look at these beauties!  If you are not familiar with this plant, it is a legume and produces a shelling pea.  The pods start off green and then turn the most beautiful color of purple as they ripen.  The taste is a bit milder than a black-eyed pea,
but they do have a black eye.  It is a plant that used to be common (like kohlrabi) but has fallen out of favor.  I am hoping that the new interest in heirlooms will bring back the popularity of this plant.

The one thing that really likes all this rain is the lemongrass.  I can't cook with it fast enough to keep in in check.  If you have any ideas for cooking with lemongrass please share them. Because it is growing like mosquitoes with all this rain.


Speaking of which, I just finished treating and taking pictures when I heard the first rumble.  When I look around this is what I see!

Thursday, July 3, 2014

Okra in Aquaponics

It has been awhile since I've posted.  As I've written before, there is not much gardening that goes on in South Florida once the rainy season starts.  Our temperatures are in the 90's almost everyday.  In the month of June we had over 15" of rain and that was before our first brush with tropical weather.  To say that it is hot and humid would be like saying the Atlantic Ocean has a little water in it.

It is very hard to grow anything edible in those conditions (well except that the mangoes and avocados are getting ripe).  The irony of all ironies is that I can grow a few things using aquaponic techniques during this time.  Yes, plants that would drown from all the rain if they were planted in soil will do OK if they are planted in water.  They just must be plants that can take the heat.

Right now in my at home aquaponic gardens, I have purple hull peas, mint, lemon balm, rosemary, vinca, french marigold, oregano, miniature pepper,  green onion, and lots of okra growing.  The okra are the plants from the Floaters versus Sinkers seed wars I chronicled.  As I suspected, there is really no difference between the floater and sinker seeds once the seedlings were planted.

However I am seeing a difference in how the okra is growing using different techniques.  Unfortunately I don't have photos of  the plants that were growing the best.  These were the plants that were in NFT tubes.  Even though the okra variety is Cajun Jewel, a dwarf variety, they still get several feet tall.  Once I could no longer reach the plants in the tubes, I had to take them out and transplant them.  This involved pruning both roots and tops.  I re-established them in my newest  media grow bed with my purple hull peas and due to the pruning they are now the smallest of the plants.  Bonsai okra so to speak.

okra in aquaponicsThe okra in the DWC (deep water culture) rafts are growing steadily.  However they have not flowered and produced fruit yet.  As you can see, the plants are exceptionally healthy and should be flowering any day now.  By the way, the crud on the raft is caterpillar poo.  Hubby thought it would be nifty to put some zinnias on the raft, but instead grabbed some of my milkweed seedlings.  Needless to say it only took a few days to have monarch eggs and within 10 days they had hatched, eaten every bit of milkweed on the raft, and then conscripted into the caterpillar relocation program (CRP).

The okra that were planted in media beds filled with hydroton and gravel are also doing well.  They have just started to flower.  What is odd about this set outperforming the set in the raft is these plants receive an eastern exposure.  The plants in the raft get a southern exposure.  Southern exposure equals more sun, however the eastern exposure plants are outperforming their southern kin.  I know that there are people sold on DWC for all plants, but it has been my experience that in most instances plants in media beds do better.  Maybe I am doing something wrong, but I get more nitrates using a media bed than depending on the biofilm on the raft.

The current superstar okra (since their kin in the NFT tubes got the bonsai treatment) are the okra that are in a bed of lava rock and a small layer of gravel.  I really don't like planting in lava rock because even with gloves on your hands it is hard work and always seems to ruin my manicure.  But those lava rocks provide an incredible amount of specific surface area for the nitrifying bacteria to take hold.  The honeycomb
structure is similar to zeolite.  These okra plants have already begin to bloom, fruit, and produce their first harvest.  The okra have already crowded out the bottom row of NFT tubes that are mounted over the bed. I am planning on using that tube again when the okra get just a bit taller.  As I did last year, I will use the okra as a shade for other plants on that bottom tube.  This system is getting southern exposure like the DWC system, but it is doing so much better.

I was joking with a fellow gardener on-line this morning that I know so much useless information about okra.  It is in the same family as the hibiscus and cotton.  If you have ever seen an okra bloom, you know that they are very beautiful flowers.  And if you time time to actually look at an okra bud and bloom then you can easily see how hibiscus and okra are related.  The buds and flowers are shaped in a very similar manner.
okra in aquaponics bloom
I know lots of people don't like okra, but I think you just have to give it a chance.  It is only slimy if you boil it.  People eat oysters and they are slimy!  If you have an overabundance of okra, pick it while it is small and make pickles.  I like them pickled hot, bread and butter, or dill style.  I don't think I have ever made the acquaintance of an okra pickle that I didn't like.  I can't say the same for cucumber pickles.  Besides what would gumbo be without okra?  Okra is the defining ingredient in gumbo.  If it isn't thickened with okra, then it is just another soup. And okra makes an excellent fried vegetable. 

 By the way, I planted some of my okra seedlings in soil on the same day as I placed the others in the aquaponic gardens.  I've even given them a little fish emulsion to try to make things even.  The growth of the plants in soil can't be compared to even the slowest growth of the plants in the DWC system.  The soil based plants are not as richly colored and have not produced a bud or bloom yet. Their leaves are smaller and the plant stems thinner.  But they do attract visitors.  I wonder if this monarch is related to any of the 'pilars that started out on the DWC raft?  

If you have never tried to grow okra, I encourage to give it a shot. It is very forgiving and once it gets going is a prolific producer.  Even if you grow in soil, I still recommend growing the dwarf varieties because okra can get tall.  And last but not least, be sure to save some of your seed.  All of these plants are from last year's seed.

OK, I've shown you my okra......let's see yours!